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SSC CGL: Constitutional
Development
Regulating
Act, 1773
·
End of Dual govt.
·
Governor of Bengal to be the
Governor-General of British territories of India.
·
Establishment of Supreme Court in
Calcutta.
Pitts Act of 1784
·
This Act gave the British Government
a measure of control over the company's affairs. In fact, the company became a subordinate department of the
State.
Act of 1786
·
Governor General given the power to
over-ride the Council and was made the Commander-in-chief
also.
·
Company given monopoly of trade for
20 more years.
·
It laid the foundation of govt. By
written laws, interpreted by courts.
·
Company deprived of its trade
monopoly in India except in tea and trade with China.
·
End of Company's monopoly even in
tea and trade with China. Company was asked to close its business at the
earliest.
·
Governor General of Bengal to be
Governor General of India (1st Governor General of India was Lord William
Bentinck).
·
The Act renewed the powers of the
Company and allowed it to retain the possession of Indian territories in trust
of the British crown.
·
Recruitment to Civil Services was
based on open annual competition examination (excluding Indians).
·
Rule of Company in India ended and
that of the Crown began.
·
A post of Secretary of State (a
member of the British cabinet) for India created. He was to exercise the powers
of the Crown.
·
Secretary of State governed India
through the Governor General.
·
Governor General received the title
of Viceroy. He represented Secretary of State and was assisted by an Executive
Council, which consisted of high officials of the Govt.
·
The Executive Council was now to be
called Central Legislative Council.
Indian Council Act, 1892
·
Indians found their way in the
Provincial Legislative Councils.
·
It envisaged a separate electorate
for Muslims.
·
Dyarchy system introduced in the
provinces. The Provincial subjects of administration were to be divided into 2
categories: Transferred and Reserved. The Transferred subjects were to be
administrated by the Governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the
Legislative Council. The Governor and the Executive Council were to administer
the reserved subjects without any responsibility to the legislature.
·
Indian legislature became bicameral
for the first time, it actually happened after 1935 Act.
·
Provided for the establishment of
All-India Federation consisting of the British Provinces and the Princely
States. The joining of Princely States was voluntary and as a result the
federation did not come into existence.
·
Dyarchy was introduced at the Centre
(Eg, Department of Foreign Affairs and Defence were reserved for the Governor
General). Provincial autonomy replaced Dyarchy in provinces. They were granted
separate legal identify.
·
Burma (now Myanmar) separated from
India.
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